Wednesday, December 31, 2025

The Dark Side of Bibliography

 

Bibliographies are bad for bibliophiles!


I've taken a few days over the "holidays" to rest from the barrage of meetings and emails and general busy-ness of my life in Ethical.  "Rest," in this case, came in the form of work on the Bibliography of Ethical Culture, a project that has been ongoing for at least the past 4 years.  My working draft is a messy 90 pages long now, since I tend to slap in items that are unformatted as I find them, expecting to get back to them later.  "Later" is sometimes slower than I might wish.  

In any case, I chose the route of creating an inventory of the Adler Study at the New York Society for Ethical Culture.  That's a fairly mindless task (and, so, restful) that involves entering data in the correct bibliographic format (CMOS, of course) over and over again.  But there are also the tasks of decrypting the old-style fonts (Fraktur is a definite challenge), adding the correct diacritical marks (alt code is not a handy as one might wish, and umlauts are definitely slippery), and locating the publication date.  Some texts publish that date on the title page, except that that date may be the date when it was printed and not the date of copyright.  Some texts can confuse edition with the number of the printing (is it the second edition or the second printing?).  

Such questions that arise in documenting individual texts require some additional research.  If the book is available, that means flipping the page and looking at the verso.  Unfortunately, I did not always have that.  Indeed, I was working from photographs of title page and verso, and, sometimes, the image of the verso had not been taken or included.  The next resource in such cases was Google.  Indeed, I would estimate that at least half of the time spent in documenting the books in the Adler Study meant searching the internet for additional information about the text.  Some searches were simply for translation.  My German is rusty.  French and Latin are not in my toolbox.  It was helpful to have Google translate the text so that I could confirm whether I was documenting the volume number or the edition; the author or the editor.  

Googling became especially helpful when my source did not include a date of original publication or copyright.  Many of the older works that are in the Adler Study have been digitized by Google or Microsoft (and others) and are available in various online repositories.  Time after time, I went to the Internet Library (archive.org) or Hathi Trust to see the books that I was trying to document from the photograph of a title page.  Sometimes, the books themselves were less helpful than the meta data provided by these repositories, which would indicate their best deduction regarding the original date of publication.  Those dates are now entered in brackets in the Bibliography, to show that they are based on secondary evidence rather than the book itself.  Putting it mildly, early publishing was not always set up to suit 21st Century ideas about the necessary data for documentation.  

These sorts of "problems" were actually adventures for a bibliophile.  I greatly enjoyed seeing the old style fonts, the excessive titles included before we had dustcovers with multiple blurbs, and interesting shifts of publishing houses over the decades and centuries of their existence.  

The dark side of bibliography, however, appears when the task is to identify authors who are listed only with their initials and a last name.  Occasionally there are not even the initials.  The author of Hume is given as "Professor Huxley."  Which one?  (Thomas Henry, of course, but you had to know that or look it up.)  Another contribution to the dark side is determining what the book is actually about.  This can mean checking out the table of contents, but oftentimes it means reading an interesting looking chapter.  Then, of course, there are the references to other books and articles which might be related, but are still interesting looking, and there goes another hour or two.

Still, it's not the time that is of concern.  We have become, over the past many decades, too invested in the notion of efficiency.  We invented clocks and are now ruled by them.  The artificial divisions of the days, despite what the sun and the earth's orbit around it tell us, have become taskmasters, telling us when to arise and work and when (maybe) to rest.  They do not tell us the hours of leisure and learning and companionship with the ideas of the past, the thoughts of the future, and, all too often, the enjoyment of the present.  The time spent in documenting the Adler Study was well spent as a service to others who will follow this trail of breadcrumbs with new questions, seeking new answers, but it was also delightful. 

The dark side is actually the sad fact that documenting these books means that I also need to add them to my library.  The image above shows some of many bookcases in my home.  The picture shows a good day, when the books have been organized and neatened for "picture day," but many of the shelves are now untidy, with books removed for reference or reading.  Other books are stacked around on tables.  And, sadly, on chairs, too.  There's a small pile on the floor beside my desk of the most recently referenced.  The whole house, in fact, is evidence that I don't need to add any more books, and yet . . . this most recent round of "resting" with the Bibliography has led to that most undesired of results:  I have ordered more books.  Three times in the past three days I have been overcome by the need to see, touch, read, own a book.  So I ended up ordering eight new additions to my overcrowded and overflowing bookcases. 

Addict that I am, I am so not sorry.  Indeed, I can hardly wait.  City States of the Swahili Coast.  Gods of the Upper Air.  Enlightenment Now.  How did I get to these particular books from the work on Felix Adler's study, filled with so many works of the 19th and early 20th century?  Hellifiknow!  But it was definitely fun.  And restful. Very restful.

Monday, December 29, 2025

More from Doctorow

Well, not from Cory Doctorow personally, although, if he checks out the occurrence of his name on the internet, I'll at least wave "hello!"  Actually, I didn't want to title this post with Doctorow's new addition to the English languhage:  Enshittification.  I do not, however, mind calling it to mind by name-dropping.  And now, that I have blurted out the term, I'm ready for another rant about the enshittification of my world. 

😡

And here it is.  I am really annoyed with Pentel.  I have a number of pens hanging around, and I do tend to use whatever is handy, so none of them are going to waste.  However, I really like gel pens.  And, well, I really like to write with turquoise ink.  In the days when I used a fountain pen, that little bottle of Skripto ink was my favorite, and I used it for years.  These days, for whatever reason, I use fountain pens rarely and must depend on pen manufacturers to meet my need for turquoise.  

So I bought pens from Pentel.  And I bought refills.  It's bad enough to be using a plastic pen, I know.  Using refillable pens is the least I can do to try to mitigate the waste of this mode of writing.  

Imagine my frustration when I found that Pentel's pens can't be opened to replace the ink.  

Now I know that there are instructions out on the internet to help us poor clods figure out how to open the pen.  What I want to know is:  Who designed a pen that needed such instructions?

And just as importantly:  Why are they lying?

I've tried to wrap the barrel with materials that give me more traction.

I've tried using pliers.  

It won't open.

Now you might think that an old lady might just be too weak to open these pens.  I'm not too weak to open any of my other pens, so, again, I ask:  Who would design a pen to be so difficult to open that not even tools can be used to open it?

And why?

Is this yet another case of corporations designing products to promote waste while they rake in more money?  Aifinkso.  And so this is another corporation that will be checked off my list.  No more Pentel for me---even if it does mean I will have to reduce my use of turquoise ink.  I'll use up what I have, break 'em down for recycling, and stick to pens that do open for refills---if I can find any that will take standard sized refills.

😡And why are the refills not standard-sized?

Wednesday, October 15, 2025

The Ethics of Printing

No yellow, no print; no chip, no print;
I've had enough!

Long, long ago, in galaxy far . . .

Well, back when I got my first desktop computer (IBM PC, two floppy drives, 128K RAM) and a dot-matrix printer, the whole set up, including the word processing software to run it (WordStar, baby!) cost $5000.  I had to take money out of my retirement account to pay for it because it was, actually, a major life investment.  And it paid off.  I ran two non-profit organizations with that computer, and my husband completed his bachelor's degree just before his 50th birthday.  Major life investment.

Since then I've gone through several changes in operating software, multiple word processing programs (does anyone use WordPerfect anymore?), and a few printers.  I'm about to say "enough!"  

Where this is headed is the same place that Cory Doctorow is going with his "enshittification" writings.  (He did start talking about this well before the new book, so it's not like there weren't warnings.)  For me, it's the printer.

The fun thing about those old dot matrix printers is that, if you were cheap (I like to think of myself as thrifty), you could re-ink the ribbon and keep using it for years.  Nowadays, we have printers with ink "cartridges" that you just pop in when you need 'em.  They even print in color.  But the cartridges are getting more and more expensive.  And while they can be recycled, they are not easily refilled and reused.  HP is among those who have set their equipment up to check the cartridges for embedded chips that indicate that the cartridges were manufactured by HP.  No HP chip, no print.

I just had to order new cartridges for my HP Officejet Pro because the yellow cartridge ran out of ink, and the printer would not print without it.  Not even in plain old black (of which there was a plentiful supply remaining).  Ordering meant that I had to interrupt my work to deal with the problem.  I checked a local office supply store and Amazon and decided that I would order the overnight delivery from Amazon because I was just too tired to drive to the store and get the yellow cartridge.  Amazon promised to have it at my door by 8:00 a.m., so I went for the whole thing and ordered the entire set of four cartridges.

Amazon, however, failed to deliver.   Around 11:00 the next morning, when the notification indicated that the cartridges would in fact be delivered the next day, I went to the office supply store to buy the yellow cartridge.  Interestingly enough (not), when I got back home, the package from Amazon had been delivered.  Later than promised, yes, but earlier than their faulty notification system indicated.  

I popped in the locally purchased yellow cartridge and went back to work.  But the whole incident grated.  The price of the set of cartridges is more than the cost of a new printer (admittedly a cheap one).  The whole set up is just that:  cheap equipment, expensive operations.  This happened with Adobe Acrobat.  It is happening with Windows (now they want us to throw out our old--still functioning--computers to upgrade the operating system).

I've had enough.

I am shopping for a new printer now.  This old one is starting to have some problems with the duplex function, so I am expecting that it will be wearing out soon.  The non-yellow cartridges still have some ink in them, so I will use the printer until it stops working or another cartridge runs out of ink, but, when it stops working--for whatever reason--I'm hauling it to Best Buy for recycling.  I will also buy a NOT-HP printer, because I am through supporting their business model.  And I will get a printer that uses ink tanks instead of ink cartridges.  

I still try to use less paper, avoiding printing unless it seems absolutely necessary.  I print on both sides whenever I can--and, when I clean out old files, I use any single-sided sheets that I can find for printing drafts.  But paper is not the only concern in printing, and the (next?) biggest concern for the environment seems to be the plastic waste that is generated because of manufacturing practices and the business model.  I broke with Adobe.  Now it's HP's turn to lose a customer.  I'm looking at Microsoft and Google next.  Amazon needs to be on the list as well.  

Yes, I am setting myself up for more work.  More trips to the store, less convenience.  I may actually have to learn new ways to use the computer, but I really am tired of being used to make billionaires richer while they turn the planet into a garbage dump.  I'm just going to have to go to bricks and mortar stores, shop around, and appreciate the experience of being a customer, not a cash machine.


Wednesday, September 10, 2025

Away from the Algorithm

A Google Logo


So I wanted to check something on this blog, but I am not at my home computer.  I didn't realize that the ease with which my typing "happy ethical human" in the search box would return the link to my blog is actually thanks to some algorithm that tracks what I search for and how often I search for a particular term and not because "happy ethical human" is an easily found term on the internet.  Indeed, it is not.  So, instead of a link to my blog, Google search (which was not even in AI mode when I hit the return key), just returned the following results (which I share out of interest for the thoughts now provoked).  

A "happy ethical human" is an individual whose subjective well-being and life satisfaction are enhanced by living an ethical life, which often involves pursuing meaningful activities, developing virtues, and acting with integrity. Research suggests a reciprocal relationship: ethical proclivities tend to increase happiness, and greater happiness can foster more positive ethical judgments and cooperative social behaviors. While happiness isn't a sole guarantee of a good life, and unethical behavior can lead to negative outcomes, modern positive psychology and traditional philosophy explore how the pursuit of a good and meaningful life often involves both happiness and ethical conduct.

The Reciprocal Relationship

Ethics -> Happiness:.

A key finding is that ethical behavior can increase happiness and well-being. Engaging in meaningful activities, developing virtues like honesty and compassion, and acting with purpose contribute to a richer, more fulfilling life.

Happiness -> Ethics:.

Conversely, a state of happiness can make individuals more ethical. People who are happy tend to be more social, cooperative, and more likely to make improved ethical judgments.

The Nature of "Ethical" and "Happy"

Ethical actions:.

This includes adhering to standards of right and wrong, practicing virtues like honesty and empathy, and recognizing the importance of the common good.

Happy living:.

Beyond fleeting pleasure, happiness is linked to concepts like human flourishing and subjective well-being. It involves living a life of meaning, engagement, and purpose.

Balancing Personal Happiness and Selfishness

A crucial distinction is made between genuine happiness and pure hedonism or selfishness.

Giving excessive attention to one's own happiness at the expense of others can be considered unethical.

The goal is to pursue happiness in a way that doesn't lead to self-centeredness but rather to a more flourishing and ethically engaged life.

Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives

Ancient Philosophy:.

Thinkers like Aristotle focused on achieving eudaimonia, a concept of human flourishing and living a good life through virtue, rather than just pleasure.

Modern Philosophy:.

While some modern views link happiness to subjective satisfaction, traditional ethics emphasizes an objective, common good that individuals strive for together.

Positive Psychology:.

This field studies human flourishing and well-being, exploring how happiness, meaning, and ethical behavior intertwine.

As it happens, I don't think this AI-generated comment on the juxtaposition of "happy" and "ethical" is too far off the mark.  While it doesn't emphasize the "human" part of the blog title, the ideas of community and reciprocity do point to our humanity.  One thing that I appreciate as a nuance to this LLM attempt to embrace ethics is the recognition of the problem of selfishness.  As humans, we have needs as well as desires, which can, from time to time, get in the way of ethical choices even without the distorting lenses of our perceptions and biases.

That being said, I think I like this definition:

A "happy ethical human" is an individual whose subjective well-being and life satisfaction are enhanced by living an ethical life, which often involves pursuing meaningful activities, developing virtues, and acting with integrity. 

 I can but try.